Water Requirement of Kharif Paddy of Kandhamal District Of Odisha, India

Abstract

This experiment was conducted at CAET, OUAT, and Bhubaneswar during 2020 for partial completion of B.Tech degree. Due to continuous increase in population, the water demand and utilization have increased significantly. Rainfall is a limited source for productive agriculture in the province. But the sustainable management and use of water resources for food production is an important issue. So water requirement of crops was also an important part. Water used by crops is predominantly lost by transpiration (T) but there are also evaporative (E) losses from the soil and from plant surfaces. Crop water requirement is defined as the depth of water needed to meet the water losses through evapotranspiration (ET) of a disease free crop, growing in large fields under non restricting soil conditions including soil water and fertility while achieving full production potential under the given growing environment. Evapotranspiration is important to evaluate the irrigation potentialities of various agricultural zones and helps improve the practices of water management and crop production. The water requirement (CWR) and irrigation requirement (IR) of various crops were calculated by using Hargreaves method. Relevant crop coefficients (Kc), duration of crops and cropping pattern were used to calculate WR from ETo. These coefficients present the relationship between references (ETo) and crop evapotranspiration (ET crop) or ET crop = Kc * ETo. Value of Kc varies with the crop, its stage of growth, growing season and the prevailing weather conditions. ET crop or WR can be determined in mm per day.